Ponsel lokal yang menggunggulkan bermacam fitur yang disediakan oleh berbagai merek, telah membanjiri pasar, baik di segmen kelas atas yang dijual dengan harga premium, hingga yang ekonomis yang harganya terjangkau.
Khusus segmen value, PT Indonusa Komunikasi, pemilik merek Dezzo, kembali menghadirkan varian terbaru yakni seri D311. Ponsel dual on GSM-GSM berdesain candybar itu mengandalkan fitur speaker yang dijanjikan bombastis, serta kapasitas hingga 8GB (lewat 2 slot memori hingga 4GB)
Ponsel yang tersedia dalam pilihan warna merah, hitam, dan hijau ini dipasarkan di harga Rp299 ribu. Untuk pengoperasian menu, pengguna bisa memanfaatkan navigasi, tombol akses langsung serta keypad. Adapun layar yang tersedia menggunakan TFT 65 ribu warna berukuran 2 inci.
Untuk fasilitas multimedia, ponsel ini dapat memutar file berformat MP3, menangkap siaran radio FM, serta mengambil gambar dengan kamera. Sayang, kamera yang tersedia hanya mendukung resolusi VGA (640x480). Meski demikian, kamera itu telah dilengkapi berbagai setting dan efek.
Demi menunjukkan bahwa kekuatan ponsel ini ada pada kemampuan audio, di dalam ponsel ditanami speaker berukuran relatif besar untuk speaker ponsel. Dengan demikian pengguna tak perlu speaker tambahan saat ingin mendengarkan musik dengan suara lantang.
Untuk konektivitas, ponsel yang memiliki 2 buah lampu LED yang bisa berfungsi sebagai senter itu mendukung GPRS class 12. Cukup disayangkan karena pada ponsel ini tersedia fasilitas shortcut ke Facebook, Twitter, Yahoo Messenger, ataupun MSN. Namun mengingat layarnya pun berukuran kecil, konektivitas internet kecepatan tinggi bagi ponsel audio ini bukanlah hal yang mendesak.
Era tablet PC telah dimulai sejak awal tahun 2010, tepatnya di mana Apple merilis iPad di akhir bulan Januari. Namun, sejumlah analis memperkirakan maraknya tablet PC justru baru akan terasa di tahun ini, terutama di negara-negara berkembang.
Malang bagi Dell. Sepanjang tahun lalu, penjualan Dell Streak lesu. Menurut penuturan Willy Hendrajudo, manager marketing Dell Indonesia, penjualan Streak di Indonesia tidak sampai tonggak 10.000 unit. “Bahkan sampai bulan Januari 2011, penjualannya hanya sampai empat digit, belum menyentuh 10.000 unit,” ucapnya di Jakarta, 11 Maret 2011.
Sekadar diketahui, Samsung Galaxy Tab mencatat tonggak penjualan hingga 600.000 unit dalam kurun waktu dua bulan sejak peluncuran. Sementara Apple iPad jauh di depannya, sekitar tiga juta unit dalam waktu tiga bulan sejak diluncurkan.
“Jika dibandingkan Samsung Galaxy Tab, memang Streak masih kalah. Namun produk ini kami anggap sebagai pilot project,” kata Willy. “Streak muncul sebagai tanda bahwa Dell juga turut bermain di segmen smartphone dan komputer tablet,” ucapnya.
Nasib Dell yang malang tak berhenti di situ. Lemahnya daya serap pasar terhadapnya, membuat harga Streak terus menurun. Ketika dirilis, ia dibanderol cukup tinggi sekitar Rp6 juta. Tetapi, hari ini harganya berkisar di angka Rp4,9 juta, banderol harga yang ditawarkan Dell selama pameran Mega Bazaar Computer 2011.
Sebagaimana diketahui, Dell Streak merupakan smartphone berlayar besar dengan resolusi 480x800 piksel. Ponsel pintar tablet ini hadir dengan dimensi 15,2 x 7,9 x 1 cm dan bobot agak berat, yakni 220 gram. Namun, layar TFT capacitive besar berukuran 5 inci yang dilengkapi fungsi multi touch dan sensor accelerometer pada UI (user interface)-nya membuatnya sulit untuk dikategorikan sebagai smartphone atau tablet PC.
Dell Streak juga menyematkan kamera 5 MP (2592 x 1944 piksel) yang dilengkapi dengan fitur autofocus dan dual flash LED untuk memancarkan cahaya yang lebih terang. Selain itu, produk ini telah dibenamkan OS Android v1.6 (Cupcake) yang bisa di-upgrade menjadi v2.2 (Froyo) dan prosesor Quacomm Snapdragon QSD8250 1GHz.
Untuk konektivitas, selain GPRS (32-48 kbps) dan EDGE, Dell Streak juga mendukung akses data HSDPA 7,2 Mbps / HSUPA 5,76 Mbps, plus Wi-Fi 802.11 b/g, Bluetooth 2.1, dan mini USB 2.0.
Meski tablet generasi pertamanya kurang laris, Dell tidak patah arang. Dalam waktu dekat, perusahaan komputer yang berkantor pusat di Texas-AS itu akan mengeluarkan tablet PC berukuran layar 7-inci dengan sistem operasi Google Android versi 3.0 (Honeycomb).
Selain itu, Willy menuturkan, Dell juga berencana untuk merilis dua unit smartphone, masing-masing dilengkapi OS Windows Phone 7 dan OS Android 2.3 (Gingerbread).
apakah anda sering mendapat gangguan pda saat lg ngenet ?,,, atau ada pengumuman dg tulisan dns failure ?,, jd yg mengalami gejala sprti ini gnti saja dns gprs anda dan gunakan sprti yg di bawah ini 1 1 4 . 1 2 7 . 2 0 8 . 8 4 (primary DNS) 2 0 2 . 3 . 2 0 8 . 1 1 (secondary DNS)
All of the built-in apps on iPad were designed from the ground up to take advantage of the large Multi-Touch screen and advanced capabilities of iPad. And they work in any orientation. So you can do things with these apps that you can’t do on any other device.
The iWork productivity applications — Keynote, Pages, and Numbers — have been completely redesigned for iPad.3 So you can create great-looking presentations, documents, and spreadsheets. You can even share them as Microsoft Office files with any Mac or PC user. All using just your fingers.
iPad adalah sebuah produk komputer tablet buatan Apple Inc. (AI). iPad memiliki bentuk tampilan yang hampir serupa dengan iPod Touch dan iPhone, hanya saja ukurannya lebih besar dibandingkan kedua produk tersebut dan memiliki fungsi-fungsi tambahan seperti yang ada pada sistem operasi Mac OS X.
Sejarah
iPad diperkenalkan pertama kali oleh Steve Jobs, CEO (yang merupakan singkatan dari Chief Executive Officer) dari Apple Inc. dalam Apple Special Event yang bertempat di Yerba Buena Center for the Arts, San Fransisco, Amerika Serikat, pada tanggal 27 Januari 2010. Produk ini dirancang sebagai sebuah perangkat digital yang berada di antara telepon pintar(smartphone) dan komputer jinjing(laptop). Apple Inc. berencana akan mulai memasarkan iPad di Amerika Serikat (AS) mulai 3 april 2010, dengan kisaran harga mulai dari 499 Dolar Amerika Serikat (USD) hingga 829 USD. Namun warga AS sudah dapat memesan produk ini mulai tanggal 12 Maret 2010 melalui Apple Online Store.
Spesifikasi
Apple sejauh ini sudah mengumumkan dua jenis model iPad. Model Wi-Fi dengan Wi-Fi 802.11a/b/g/n dengan berat 680 gram yang akan dipasarkan 3 April 2010 dan model Wi-Fi + 3G yang memungkinkan pengguna untuk menggunakan jaringan HSDPA dengan berat 730 gram, yang akan dipasarkan pada akhir April 2010. Produk ini memiliki desain layar multi-sentuh 9.56x7.47 inci dengan lebar layar 9.7 inci atau sekitar 25 sentimeter (cm), yang dilengkapi LED backlight dengan teknologi IPS (singkatan dari In-Plane Switching), resolusi 1024x768 piksel, kapasitas memori flash drive mulai dari kisaran 16 gigabita (Gb) hingga 64 Gb, prosesor 1 gigahertz (GHz) Apple A4, baterai lithium-polymer yang dapat bertahan hingga 10 jam pemakaian, mendukung pemutaran audio dengan format AAC, MP3, VBR, audible, apple lossless, AIFF dan WAV serta mendukung format video H.264 hingga 720p, .m4v, .mp4, .mov, dan MPEG-4. Selain itu juga terdapat Bluetooth 2.1, kompas digital, GPS, Wi-Fi (802.11a/b/g/n), dock connector, built-in speaker, mikrofon, 3.5-mm stereo headphone jack dan menggunakan sistem operasi yang sama dengan sistem operasi iPhone.
Aplikasi
Di dalam iPad, selain fitur umum seperti home screen, contact (kontak), kalender dan catatan terdapat juga sejumlah aplikasi-aplikasi seperti:
iTunes: merupakan aplikasi yang dapat digunakan untuk menjelajah dan mengunduh musik, tayangan televisi, video maupun podcasts melalui iTunes Store. Aplikasi iTunes yang ada di dalam iPad dapat disinkronisasikan dengan iTunes yang ada pada MacBook ataupun komputer yang dimiliki pengguna.
iPod: merupakan aplikasi yang mampu mengorganisasi dan memutar musik, sama seperti yang terdapat pada produk Apple yang lain seperti iPod ataupun iPhone.
Photo: sebuah aplikasi yang dapat digunakan untuk menyimpan, mengorganisasi dan melihat foto. Pengguna tidak hanya bisa melihat foto berdasarkan tanggal dan acaranya, tetapi juga berdasarkan wajah ataupun tempat dimana foto tersebut diambil. Pengguna juga dapat mengsinkronisasikan foto ke dalam iPad dari Mac atau komputer melalui iTunes ataupun memindahkan foto dari kamera digital ke iPad melalui iPad camera connection kit.
Video: aplikasi yang digunakan untuk menonton berbagai jenis video, mulai dari film dengan kualitas High Definition (HD), podcast, acara TV sampai musik video dimana saja walau pengguna sedang berada di dalam pesawat sekalipun.
App Store: digunakan untuk mengunduh aplikasi yang jumlahnya mencapai hampir 150.000. App Store menyediakan aplikasi untuk produk-produk buatan Apple dengan beragam kategori, mulai dari permainan, gaya hidup, pendidikan dan lain sebagainya. Aplikasi yang terdapat di dalam App Store dapat diunduh secara gratis oleh pengguna namun ada juga yang dikenakan sejumlah biaya.
Youtube: aplikasi ini dapat digunakan untuk memudahkan pengguna melihat berbagai macam jenis video yang ada dalam Youtube tanpa perlu mengakses situsnya.
iBooks: sebuah aplikasi yang digunakan tidak hanya untuk membaca saja, tetapi juga menjelajah dan membeli buku-buku berformat digital (e-books) dari iBookstore. Aplikasi ini dapat diunduh di App Store secara gratis, namun sayangnya aplikasi ini baru tersedia di AS saja.
iWork: aplikasi yang juga terdapat pada Mac, yang terdiri dari Keynote, Pages dan Numbers. Aplikasi ini dapat membantu pengguna membuat presentasi, dokumen, maupun spreadsheet.
Maps: aplikasi yang dapat digunakan untuk melihat peta dari atas dengan resolusi tinggi melalui pencitraan satelit. Selain melihat peta, pengguna juga bisa mencari lokasi tempat atau rute dari satu tempat ke tempat lain.
Aksesori Tambahan
Apple juga menyediakan berbagai macam aksesori tambahan yang dapat dibeli secara terpisah oleh pengguna untuk melengkapi Ipad. Aksesori tambahan untuk iPad tersedia mulai dari keyboard dock, iPad case, iPad camera connection kit, iPad dock, iPad 10W USB power adapter, iPad dock connector to VGA adapter, Apple wireless keyboard, headphone, earphone hingga composite dan component AV cable.
neighbouring Finland's capital Helsinki.[4] Nokia is engaged in the manufacturing of mobile devices and in converging Internet and communications industries, with over 123,000 employees in 120 countries, sales in more than 150 countries and global annual revenue of EUR 41 billion and operating profit of €1.2 billion as of 2009.[2] It is the world's largest manufacturer of mobile telephones: its global device market share was about 33% in Q2 2010, down from 35% in Q2 2009 and unchanged from Q1 2010 (beginning in 2010 Nokia revised its definition of the industry mobile device market that it use to estimate industry volumes).[3] Nokia's converged device market share was about 41% in Q2, unchanged from Q1 2010.[3] Nokia produces mobile devices for every major market segment and protocol, including GSM, CDMA, and W-CDMA (UMTS). Nokia offers Internet services such as applications, games, music, maps, media and messaging through its Ovi platform. Nokia's subsidiary Nokia Siemens Networks produces telecommunications network equipment, solutions and services.[5] Nokia is also engaged in providing free digital map information and navigation services through its wholly-owned subsidiary Navteq.[6] Nokia has sites for research and development, manufacture and sales in many countries throughout the world. As of December 2009, Nokia had R&D presence in 16 countries and employed 37,020 people in research and development, representing approximately 30% of the group's total workforce.[2] The NokiaResearchCenter, founded in 1986, is Nokia's industrial research unit consisting of about 500 researchers, engineers and scientists.[7][8] It has sites in seven countries: Finland, China, India, Kenya, Switzerland, the United Kingdom and the United States.[9] Besides its research centers, in 2001 Nokia founded (and owns) INdT – Nokia Institute of Technology, a R&D institute located in Brazil.[10] Nokia operates a total of 15 manufacturing facilities[11] located at Espoo, Oulu and Salo, Finland; Manaus, Brazil; Beijing, Dongguan and Suzhou, China; Farnborough, England; Komárom, Hungary; Chennai, India; Reynosa, Mexico; Jucu, Romania and Masan, South Korea.[12][13] Nokia's industrial design department is headquartered in Soho in London, England with significant satellite offices in Helsinki, Finland and Calabasas, California in the USA. Nokia is a public limited liability company listed on the Helsinki, Frankfurt, and New York stock exchanges.[11] Nokia plays a very large role in the economy of Finland; it is by far the largest Finnish company, accounting for about a third of the market capitalization of the Helsinki Stock Exchange (OMX Helsinki) as of 2007, a unique situation for an industrialized country.[14] It is an important employer in Finland and several small companies have grown into large ones as its partners and subcontractors.[15] Nokia increased Finland's GDP by more than 1.5% in 1999 alone. In 2004 Nokia's share of the Finnish GDP was 3.5% and accounted for almost a quarter of Finland's exports in 2003.[16] In recent years, Finns have consistently ranked Nokia as one of the best Finnish brands. In 2008, it was the 27th most respected brand among Finns, down from sixth place in 2007.[17] The Nokia brand, valued at $34.9 billion, is listed as the fifth most valuable global brand in the Interbrand/BusinessWeek Best Global Brands list of 2009 (first non-US company).[18][19] It is the number one brand in Asia (as of 2007)[20] and Europe (as of 2009),[21] the 41st most admirable company worldwide in Fortune's World's Most Admired Companies list of 2010 (third in Network and Other Communications Equipment, seventh non-US company),[22] and the world's 85th largest company as measured by revenue in Fortune Global 500 list of 2009, up from 88th the previous year.[23] As of 2010, AMR Research ranks Nokia's global supply chain number nineteen in the world.[24] In July 2010, Nokia announced that their profits had dropped 40%. [25]
The Nokia House, Nokia's head office located by the Gulf of Finland in Keilaniemi, Espoo, was constructed between 1995 and 1997. It is the workplace of more than 1,000 Nokia employees.[26]
The predecessors of the modern Nokia were the Nokia Company (Nokia Aktiebolag), Finnish Rubber Works Ltd (Suomen Gummitehdas Oy) and Finnish Cable Works Ltd (Suomen Kaapelitehdas Oy).[27] Nokia's history starts in 1865 when mining engineer Fredrik Idestam established a groundwood pulp mill on the banks of the Tammerkoski rapids in the town of Tampere, in southwestern Finland, and started manufacturing paper.[28] In 1868, Idestam built a second mill near the town of Nokia, fifteen kilometres (nine miles) west of Tampere by the Nokianvirta river, which had better resources for hydropower production.[29] In 1871, Idestam, with the help of his close friend statesman Leo Mechelin, renamed and transformed his firm into a share company, thereby founding the Nokia Company, the name it is still known by today.[29] The name of the town, Nokia, originated from the river which flowed through the town. The river itself, Nokianvirta, was named after the archaic Finnish word originally meaning a small, dark-furred animal that lived on the banks of the Nokianvirta river. In modern Finnish, noki means soot and nokia is its inflected plural, although this form of the word is rarely if ever used. The old word, nois (pl.nokia) or nokinäätä ("soot marten"), meant sable.[30] After sable was hunted to extinction in Finland, the word was applied to any dark-furred animal of the genus Martes, such as the pine marten, which are found in the area to this day.[31] Toward the end of the 19th century, Mechelin's wishes to expand into the electricity business were at first thwarted by Idestam's opposition. However, Idestam's retirement from the management of the company in 1896 allowed Mechelin to become the company's chairman (from 1898 until 1914) and sell most shareholders on his plans, thus realizing his vision.[29] In 1902, Nokia added electricity generation to its business activities.[28]
In 1898, Eduard Polón founded Finnish Rubber Works, manufacturer of galoshes and other rubber products, which later became Nokia's rubber business.[27] At the beginning of the 20th century, Finnish Rubber Works established its factories near the town of Nokia and began using Nokia as its product brand.[32] In 1912, Arvid Wickström founded Finnish Cable Works, producer of telephone, telegraph and electrical cables and the foundation of Nokia's cable and electronics businesses.[27] At the end of the 1910s, shortly after World War I, the Nokia Company was nearing bankruptcy.[33] To ensure the continuation of electricity supply from Nokia's generators, Finnish Rubber Works acquired the business of the insolvent company.[33] In 1922, Finnish Rubber Works acquired Finnish Cable Works.[34] In 1937, Verner Weckman, a sport wrestler and Finland's first Olympic Gold medalist, became President of Finnish Cable Works, after 16 years as its Technical Director.[35] After World War II, Finnish Cable Works supplied cables to the Soviet Union as part of Finland's war reparations. This gave the company a good foothold for later trade.[35] The three companies, which had been jointly owned since 1922, were merged to form a new industrial conglomerate, Nokia Corporation in 1967 and paved the way for Nokia's future as a global corporation.[36] The new company was involved in many industries, producing at one time or another paper products, car and bicycletires, footwear (including rubber boots), communications cables, televisions and other consumer electronics, personal computers, electricity generation machinery, robotics, capacitors, military communications and equipment (such as the SANLA M/90 device and the M61 gas mask for the Finnish Army), plastics, aluminium and chemicals.[26] Each business unit had its own director who reported to the first Nokia Corporation President, Björn Westerlund. As the president of the Finnish Cable Works, he had been responsible for setting up the company’s first electronics department in 1960, sowing the seeds of Nokia’s future in telecommunications.[37] Eventually, the company decided to leave consumer electronics behind in the 1990s and focused solely on the fastest growing segments in telecommunications.[38]Nokian Tyres, manufacturer of tyres split from Nokia Corporation to form its own company in 1988[39] and two years later Nokian Footwear, manufacturer of rubber boots, was founded.[32] During the rest of the 1990s, Nokia divested itself of all of its non-telecommunications businesses.[38]
The seeds of the current incarnation of Nokia were planted with the founding of the electronics section of the cable division in 1960 and the production of its first electronic device in 1962: a pulse analyzer designed for use in nuclear power plants.[37] In the 1967 fusion, that section was separated into its own division, and began manufacturing telecommunications equipment. A key CEO and subsequent Chairman of the Board was vuorineuvosBjörn "Nalle" Westerlund (1912–2009), who founded the electronics department and let it run a loss for 15 years.
In the 1970s, Nokia became more involved in the telecommunications industry by developing the Nokia DX 200, a digital switch for telephone exchanges. The DX 200 became the workhorse of the network equipment division. Its modular and flexible architecture enabled it to be developed into various switching products.[40] In 1984, development of a version of the exchange for the Nordic Mobile Telephony network was started.[41] For a while in the 1970s, Nokia's network equipment production was separated into Telefenno, a company jointly owned by the parent corporation and by a company owned by the Finnish state. In 1987, the state sold its shares to Nokia and in 1992 the name was changed to Nokia Telecommunications. In the 1970s and 1980s, Nokia developed the Sanomalaitejärjestelmä ("Message device system"), a digital, portable and encrypted text-based communications device for the Finnish Defence Forces.[42] The current main unit used by the Defence Forces is the Sanomalaite M/90 (SANLA M/90).[43]
The Mobira Cityman 150, Nokia's NMT-900 mobile phone from 1989 (left), compared to the Nokia 1100 from 2003.[44] The Mobira Cityman line was launched in 1987.[45]
The technologies that preceded modern cellular mobile telephony systems were the various "0G" pre-cellular mobile radio telephony standards. Nokia had been producing commercial and some military mobile radio communications technology since the 1960s, although this part of the company was sold some time before the later company rationalization. Since 1964, Nokia had developed VHF radio simultaneously with Salora Oy. In 1966, Nokia and Salora started developing the ARP standard (which stands for Autoradiopuhelin, or car radio phone in English), a car-based mobile radio telephony system and the first commercially operated public mobile phone network in Finland. It went online in 1971 and offered 100% coverage in 1978.[46] In 1979, the merger of Nokia and Salora resulted in the establishment of Mobira Oy. Mobira began developing mobile phones for the NMT (Nordic Mobile Telephony) network standard, the first-generation, first fully-automatic cellular phone system that went online in 1981.[47] In 1982, Mobira introduced its first car phone, the Mobira Senator for NMT-450 networks.[47] Nokia bought Salora Oy in 1984 and now owning 100% of the company, changed the company's telecommunications branch name to Nokia-Mobira Oy. The Mobira Talkman, launched in 1984, was one of the world's first transportable phones. In 1987, Nokia introduced one of the world's first handheld phones, the Mobira Cityman 900 for NMT-900 networks (which, compared to NMT-450, offered a better signal, yet a shorter roam). While the Mobira Senator of 1982 had weighed 9.8 kg (22 lb) and the Talkman just under 5 kg (11 lb), the Mobira Cityman weighed only 800 g (28 oz) with the battery and had a price tag of 24,000 Finnish marks (approximately €4,560).[45] Despite the high price, the first phones were almost snatched from the sales assistants’ hands. Initially, the mobile phone was a "yuppie" product and a status symbol.[26] Nokia's mobile phones got a big publicity boost in 1987, when Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev was pictured using a Mobira Cityman to make a call from Helsinki to his communications minister in Moscow. This led to the phone's nickname of the "Gorba".[45] In 1988, Jorma Nieminen, resigning from the post of CEO of the mobile phone unit, along with two other employees from the unit, started a notable mobile phone company of their own, Benefon Oy (since renamed to GeoSentric).[48] One year later, Nokia-Mobira Oy became Nokia Mobile Phones.
Nokia was one of the key developers of GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications),[49] the second-generation mobile technology which could carry data as well as voice traffic. NMT (Nordic Mobile Telephony), the world's first mobile telephony standard that enabled international roaming, provided valuable experience for Nokia for its close participation in developing GSM, which was adopted in 1987 as the new European standard for digital mobile technology.[50][51] Nokia delivered its first GSM network to the Finnish operator Radiolinja in 1989.[52] The world's first commercial GSM call was made on July 1, 1991 in Helsinki, Finland over a Nokia-supplied network, by then Prime Minister of FinlandHarri Holkeri, using a prototype Nokia GSM phone.[52] In 1992, the first GSM phone, the Nokia 1011, was launched.[52][53] The model number refers to its launch date, 10 November.[53] The Nokia 1011 did not yet employ Nokia's characteristic ringtone, the Nokia tune. It was introduced as a ringtone in 1994 with the Nokia 2100 series.[54] GSM's high-quality voice calls, easy international roaming and support for new services like text messaging (SMS) laid the foundations for a worldwide boom in mobile phone use.[52] GSM came to dominate the world of mobile telephony in the 1990s, in mid-2008 accounting for about three billion mobile telephone subscribers in the world, with more than 700 mobile operators across 218 countries and territories. New connections are added at the rate of 15 per second, or 1.3 million per day.[55]
In the 1980s, Nokia's computer division Nokia Data produced a series of personal computers called MikroMikko.[56] MikroMikko was Nokia Data's attempt to enter the business computer market. The first model in the line, MikroMikko 1, was released on September 29, 1981,[57] around the same time as the first IBM PC. However, the personal computer division was sold to the British ICL (International Computers Limited) in 1991, which later became part of Fujitsu.[58] MikroMikko remained a trademark of ICL and later Fujitsu. Internationally the MikroMikko line was marketed by Fujitsu as the ErgoPro. Fujitsu later transferred its personal computer operations to Fujitsu Siemens Computers, which shut down its only factory in Espoo, Finland (in the Kilo district, where computers had been produced since the 1960s) at the end of March 2000,[59][60] thus ending large-scale PC manufacturing in the country. Nokia was also known for producing very high quality CRT and early TFT LCD displays for PC and larger systems application. The Nokia Display Products' branded business was sold to ViewSonic in 2000.[61] In addition to personal computers and displays, Nokia used to manufacture DSL modems and digital set-top boxes. Nokia re-entered the PC market in August 2009 with the introduction of the Nokia Booklet 3G mini laptop.[62]
In the 1980s, during the era of its CEO Kari Kairamo, Nokia expanded into new fields, mostly by acquisitions. In the late 1980s and early 1990s, the corporation ran into serious financial problems, a major reason being its heavy losses by the television manufacturing division and businesses that were just too diverse.[63] These problems, and a suspected total burnout, probably contributed to Kairamo taking his own life in 1988. After Kairamo's death, Simo Vuorilehto became Nokia's Chairman and CEO. In 1990–1993, Finland underwent severe economic depression,[64] which also struck Nokia. Under Vuorilehto's management, Nokia was severely overhauled. The company responded by streamlining its telecommunications divisions, and by divesting itself of the television and PC divisions.[65] Probably the most important strategic change in Nokia's history was made in 1992, however, when the new CEO Jorma Ollila made a crucial strategic decision to concentrate solely on telecommunications.[38] Thus, during the rest of the 1990s, the rubber, cable and consumer electronics divisions were gradually sold as Nokia continued to divest itself of all of its non-telecommunications businesses.[38] As late as 1991, more than a quarter of Nokia's turnover still came from sales in Finland. However, after the strategic change of 1992, Nokia saw a huge increase in sales to North America, South America and Asia.[66] The exploding worldwide popularity of mobile telephones, beyond even Nokia's most optimistic predictions, caused a logistics crisis in the mid-1990s.[67] This prompted Nokia to overhaul its entire logistics operation.[68] By 1998, Nokia’s focus on telecommunications and its early investment in GSM technologies had made the company the world's largest mobile phone manufacturer.[66] Between 1996 and 2001, Nokia’s turnover increased almost fivefold from 6.5 billion euros to 31 billion euros.[66] Logistics continues to be one of Nokia's major advantages over its rivals, along with greater economies of scale.[69][70]
Evolution of the Nokia Communicator. Models 9000, 9110, 9210 and 9500 shown.
In May 2007, Nokia announced that its Nokia 1100 handset, launched in 2003,[44] with over 200 million units shipped, was the best-selling mobile phone of all time and the world's top-selling consumer electronics product.[71] In November 2007, Nokia announced and released the Nokia N82, its first Nseries phone with Xenon flash. At the Nokia World conference in December 2007, Nokia announced their "Comes With Music" program: Nokia device buyers are to receive a year of complimentary access to music downloads.[72] The service became commercially available in the second half of 2008. Nokia Productions was the first ever mobile filmmaking project directed by Spike Lee. Work began in April 2008, and the film premiered in October 2008.[73] In 2008, Nokia released the Nokia E71 which was marketed to directly compete with the other BlackBerry devices offering a full keyboard and cheaper prices. Nokia announced in August 2009 that they will be selling a high-end Windows-based mini laptop called the Nokia Booklet 3G.[62] On September 2, 2009, Nokia launched two new music and social networking phones, the X6 and X3.[74] The Nokia X6 features 32GB of on-board memory with a 3.2" finger touch interface and comes with a music playback time of 35 hours. The Nokia X3 is a first series 40 Ovi Store-enabled device. The X3 is a music device that comes with stereo speakers, built-in FM radio, and a 3.2 megapixel camera. On September 10, 2009, Nokia unveiled a new handset 7705 Twist, a phone with a sports square shape that swivels open to reveal a full QWERTY keypad.[75] The new mobile, which will be available exclusively through Verizon Wireless, features a 3 megapixel camera, web browsing, voice commands and weighs around 3.44 ounces.
Nokia opened its Komárom, Hungary mobile phone factory on May 5, 2000.[76] In March 2007, Nokia signed a memorandum with Cluj County Council, Romania to open a new plant near the city in Jucu commune.[13][77][78] Moving the production from the Bochum, Germany factory to a low wage country created an uproar in Germany.[79][80]
In April 2003, the troubles of the networks equipment division caused the corporation to resort to similar streamlining practices on that side, including layoffs and organizational restructuring.[81] This diminished Nokia's public image in Finland,[82][83] and produced a number of court cases and an episode of a documentary television show critical of Nokia.[84] On February 2006, Nokia and Sanyo announced a memorandum of understanding to create a joint venture addressing the CDMA handset business. But in June, they announced ending negotiations without agreement. Nokia also stated its decision to pull out of CDMA research and development, to continue CDMA business in selected markets.[85][86][87] In June 2006, Jorma Ollila left his position as CEO to become the chairman of Royal Dutch Shell[88] and to give way for Olli-Pekka Kallasvuo.[89][90] In May 2008, Nokia announced on their annual stockholder meeting that they want to shift to the Internet business as a whole. Nokia no longer wants to be seen as the telephone company. Google, Apple and Microsoft are not seen as natural competition for their new image but they are considered as major important players to deal with.[91] In November 2008, Nokia announced it was ceasing mobile phone distribution in Japan.[92] Following early December, distribution of Nokia E71 is cancelled, both from NTT docomo and SoftBank Mobile. Nokia Japan retains global research & development programs, sourcing business, and an MVNO venture of Vertu luxury phones, using docomo's telecommunications network.
The Nokia E55, a mobile phone in the business segment and part of the Nokia Eseries range.
On September 22, 2003, Nokia acquired Sega.com, a branch of Sega which became the major basis to develop the Nokia N-Gage device.[93] On November 16, 2005, Nokia and Intellisync Corporation, a provider of data and PIM synchronization software, signed a definitive agreement for Nokia to acquire Intellisync.[94] Nokia completed the acquisition on February 10, 2006.[95] On June 19, 2006, Nokia and Siemens AG announced the companies would merge their mobile and fixed-line phone network equipment businesses to create one of the world's largest network firms, Nokia Siemens Networks.[96] Each company has a 50% stake in the infrastructure company, and it is headquartered in Espoo, Finland. The companies predicted annual sales of €16 bn and cost savings of €1.5 bn a year by 2010. About 20,000 Nokia employees were transferred to this new company. On August 8, 2006, Nokia and Loudeye Corp. announced that they had signed an agreement for Nokia to acquire online music distributor Loudeye Corporation for approximately US $60 million.[97] The company has been developing this into an online music service in the hope of using it to generate handset sales. The service, launched on August 29, 2007, is aimed to rival iTunes. Nokia completed the acquisition on October 16, 2006.[98] In July 2007, Nokia acquired all assets of Twango, the comprehensive media sharing solution for organizing and sharing photos, videos and other personal media.[99][100] In September 2007, Nokia announced its intention to acquire Enpocket, a supplier of mobile advertising technology and services.[101] In October 2007, pending shareholder and regulatory approval, Nokia bought Navteq, a U.S.-based supplier of digital mapping data, for a price of $8.1 billion.[6][102] Nokia finalized the acquisition on July 10, 2008.[103] In September, 2008, Nokia acquired OZ Communications, a privately held company with approximately 220 employees headquartered in Montreal, Canada.[104] On July 24, 2009, Nokia announced that it will acquire certain assets of cellity, a privately owned mobile software company which employs 14 people in Hamburg, Germany.[105] The acquisition of cellity was completed on August 5, 2009.[106] On September 11, 2009, Nokia announced the acquisition of "certain assets of Plum Ventures, Inc, a privately held company which employed approximately 10 people with main offices in Boston, Massachusetts. Plum will complement Nokia’s Social Location services".[107] On March 28, 2010, Nokia announced the acquisition of Novarra, the mobile web browser firm from Chicago. Terms of the deal were not disclosed.Novarra is a privately-held company based in Chicago, IL and provider of a mobile browser and service platform and has more than 100 employees.[108] On April 10,2010 Nokia announced acquisition of MetaCarta whose technology will be used in the area of local search in location and other services, Financial details of acquisition were not disclosed. [109]
Since October 1, 2009, Nokia comprises four business groups: Devices, Services, Solutions and Markets.[110] The four units receive operational support from the Corporate Development Office, led by Mary T. McDowell, which is also responsible for exploring corporate strategic and future growth opportunities.[110] On April 1, 2007, Nokia’s Networks business group was combined with Siemens’ carrier-related operations for fixed and mobile networks to form Nokia Siemens Networks, jointly owned by Nokia and Siemens and consolidated by Nokia.[111]
The Devices division is responsible for developing and managing Nokia's mobile device portfolio, including the sourcing of components, headed by Kai Öistämö.[110] The division consists of the previous mainline Mobile Phones division with the separate subdivisions Multimedia (Nseries devices) and Enterprise Solutions (Eseries devices) as well as formerly centralized core devices R&D – called Technology Platforms. This division provides the general public with mobile voice and data products across a wide range of mobile devices, including high-volume, consumer oriented mobile phones and devices, and more expensive multimedia and enterprise-class devices. The devices are based on GSM/EDGE, 3G/W-CDMA and CDMA cellular technologies. Nokia's Nseries Multimedia Computers extensively uses Symbian OS. In the first quarter of 2006 Nokia sold over 15 million MP3 capable mobile phones, which means that Nokia is not only the world's leading supplier of mobile phones and digital cameras (as most of Nokia's mobile telephones feature digital cameras, it is also believed that Nokia has recently overtaken Kodak in camera production making it the largest in the world), Nokia is now also the leading supplier of digital audio players (MP3 players), outpacing sales of devices such as the iPod from Apple. At the end of the year 2007, Nokia managed to sell almost 440 million mobile phones which accounted for 40% of all global mobile phones sales.[112]
The Services division operates in five areas of consumer Internet services: music, maps, media, messaging and games.[110] The division consists of the previous enterprise and consumer driver services businesses previously hosted in Multimedia and Enterprise Solutions divisions, as well as a number of new acquisitions (Loudeye, Gate5, Enpocket, Intellisync, Avvenu and OZ Communications), headed by Niklas Savander. The group works with companies outside the telecommunications industry to make advances in the technology and bring new applications and possibilities in areas such as online services, optics, music synchronization and streaming media.
Solutions is responsible for Nokia's offering of solutions, where the mobile device, personalized services and content are integrated into a package for the consumer. The unit is led by Alberto Torres.
The Markets division, the successor organization to Nokia's Customer and Market Operations division, is responsible for the management of the supply chains, sales channels, brand and marketing functions of the company, headed by Anssi Vanjoki.[110]
The Nokia 5800 XpressMusic, a touchscreen smartphone and portable entertainment device which emphasizes music and multimedia playback.
Nokia has several subsidiaries, of which the two most significant as of 2009 are Nokia Siemens Networks and Navteq.[110] Other notable subsidiaries include, but are not limited to Vertu, a British-based manufacturer and retailer of luxury mobile phones; Qt Software, a Norwegian-based software company, and OZ Communications, a consumer e-mail and instant messaging provider. Until 2008 Nokia was the major shareholder in Symbian Limited, a software development and licensing company that produced Symbian OS, a smartphone operating system used by Nokia and other manufacturers. In 2008 Nokia acquired Symbian Ltd and, along with a number of other companies, created the Symbian Foundation to distribute the Symbian platform royalty free and as open source.
Nokia Siemens Networks (previously Nokia Networks) provides wireless and wired network infrastructure, communications and networks service platforms, as well as professional services to operators and service providers.[110] Nokia Siemens Networks focuses in GSM, EDGE, 3G/W-CDMA and WiMAX radio access networks; core networks with increasing IP and multiaccess capabilities; and services. On June 19, 2006 Nokia and Siemens AG announced the companies are to merge their mobile and fixed-line phone network equipment businesses to create one of the world's largest network firms, called Nokia Siemens Networks.[96] The Nokia Siemens Networks brand identity was subsequently launched at the 3GSM World Congress in Barcelona in February 2007.[113][114] As of March 2009, Nokia Siemens Networks serves more than 600 operator customers in more than 150 countries, with over 1.5 billion people connected through its networks.[115]
Navteq is a Chicago, Illinois-based provider of digital map data for automotive navigation systems, mobile navigation devices, Internet-based mapping applications, and government and business solutions.[110] Navteq was acquired by Nokia on October 1, 2007.[6] Navteq’s map data is part of the Nokia Maps online service where users can download maps, use voice-guided navigation and other context-aware web services.[110] Nokia Maps is part of the Ovi brand of Nokia's Internet based online services.
The control and management of Nokia is divided among the shareholders at a general meeting and the Group Executive Board (left),[116] under the direction of the Board of Directors (right).[117] The Chairman and the rest of the Group Executive Board members are appointed by the Board of Directors. Only the Chairman of the Group Executive Board can belong to both, the Board of Directors and the Group Executive Board. The Board of Directors' committees consist of the Audit Committee,[118] the Personnel Committee[119] and the Corporate Governance and Nomination Committee.[120][121] The operations of the company are managed within the framework set by the Finnish Companies Act,[122] Nokia's Articles of Association[123] and Corporate Governance Guidelines,[124] and related Board of Directors adopted charters.
